In order to study the effects of plant density on GROWTH indices of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) an expriment was conducted in Homand Research Station of Pasture under a Completely Randamized Block Design with 5 repelications in 2004. The treatments were 29, 20 and 14 plants/m2. The effects of C. tinctorius plantlets densities on some GROWTH indices including DM, LAI, RGR and CGR, according to Growing Degree Days were evaluated. The results showed that the max. DM and LAI were 684 gr/m2 and 1.3 in 29 plant/m2 treatment respectively. In the highest density the DM, LAI and CGR were high in the beginning and middle of GROWTH periods but RGR was low in the lowest density. The maximum RGR and CGR were observed in low density. GROWTH potential of Carthamus tinctorius is considrable as an industrial and medicinal plant with the acceptable GROWTH indices in Damavand dry farming system with the semi suitable rain fall and distribution.

Antibiosis potential of four rapeseed oil varieties namely: Eurol Okapi PF and Boomrang to cabbage aphid were studied at 20±2°C 60±10% (RH) and photoperiod of 16:8 (L: D) in two sepaRATEd experiments. In the first experiment parameters measured for making inferences about antibiosis were pre-reproductive period reproductive RATE and intrinsic RATE of increase (r__m). The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design with ten replications. Seeds were planted in pots with 12cm diameter by 15cm height. Plants were infested at the 2-3-leaf stage. Experiments were initiated with nymphs less than 24 hours old. When they were developed to adult cages were inspected daily for nymphs. Nymphs were counted and removed until the adult aphids died. In the second experiment in order to measure the mean RELATIVE GROWTH RATE (MRGR) 10 one day nymphs were weighed and confined in leaf cages (one nymph per cage) on the plant varieties. Thereafter they were let to feed for four days and weighed again. Results indicated that Boomrang was the most susceptible variety. Parameters such as reproductive RATE (3.87 nymph / day) and r__m (0.29) were significantly higher in Boomrang than other varieties. Okapi was RELATIVEly the most resistant variety in this experiment.

In order to study phenology, some GROWTH indices and qualitative and quantitative characteristics of potato cultivars (Savalan, Sante and Cozima) an experiment was conducted for one year (2010-2011) at Behbahan Agriculture Research Station. The experimental design was randomized complete block design with three treatments and three replications. Tubers were planted at mid January 2010 and were harvested at mid May 2011. The results indicated that the yield of potato in Khouzestan province is lower than that in tempeRATE regions due to the long sprout development stage and high temperature during the tuber bulking stage. The duration of the vegetative stage was short and the maturation stage was not observed. The haulm and tuber GROWTH RATE increased during the early season while reached a maximum value, following decline in the late season. The tuber and crop GROWTH RATE of Savalan cultivar (19.4 and 21.72 g m-2 day-1 respectively) was higher than other cultivars. Therefore, this cultivar produced the highest yield of tuber dry weight (4.20 t ha-1). The maximum of RELATIVE GROWTH RATE (0.598 g g-1 day-1) and maximum of tuber GROWTH RATE (0.320 g g-1 day-1) belong to Savalan and Cozima cultivars respectively. Cozima cultivar produced the highest total and marketable yield (19.91 and 18.38 t ha-1 respectively). In regard to, total and marketable yield the difference between Cozima and Savalan cultivars was not significant. Savalan cultivar produced the highest tuber dry weight percentage (22.38).

In this paper we study the Tsallis RELATIVE entropy RATE between a homogeneous Markov chain and a hidden Markov chain defined by observing the output of a discrete stochastic channel whose input is the finite state space homogeneous stationary Markov chain. For this purpose, we obtain the Tsallis RELATIVE entropy between two finite subsequences of above mentioned chains with the help of the definition of Tsallis RELATIVE entropy between two random variables then we define the Tsallis RELATIVE entropy RATE between these stochastic processes. Finally, we calculate Tsallis RELATIVE entropy RATE for some hidden Markov models.